However, it is by no means inevitable: Dutch, Yiddish, and many Southern German dialects retain IPA| in all positions. The allophonic distribution of IPA| after front vowels and IPA| after other vowels is also found in other languages, such as Scots, in the pronunciation of "light". However, many phoneticians Who|date=September 2008 believe that this is an example of "phonemicization", where erstwhile allophones undergo a split into separate phonemes. This exception to the allophonic distribution is considered by some to be an effect of the morphemic boundary. There is even a near minimal pair for IPA| and IPA| due to this effect: IPA| "Kuhchen" ‘little cow’ vs. However, in some comparatively recent coinings, there is no longer an umlaut, for instance in the word "Frauchen" IPA| ‘female dog master’ (a diminutive of "Frau" ‘woman’), so that a back vowel is followed by IPA|, even though normally it would be followed by a IPA|, as in "rauchen" IPA| ‘to smoke’. Fact|date=September 2008 Usually, this ending triggers umlaut (compare for instance "Hund" 'dog' to "Hündchen" ‘little dog’), so theoretically, it could only occur after front vowels. The diminutive suffix "-chen" is always pronounced with an "ich-Laut" IPA|. In loanwords, pronunciation of potential fricatives in onsets of stressed syllables vary: in the Northern varieties of standard German, it is IPA|, while in Southern varieties, it is IPA|, and in Western varieties, it is IPA| (for instance in "China": IPA| vs. The allophone IPA| occurs after back vowels and IPA|/a aː/ (for instance in "Buch" IPA| ‘book’), the allophone IPA| after front vowels (for instance in "ich" IPA| ‘I’) and consonants (for instance in "Furcht" IPA| ‘fear’) (Kohler 1977, 1990 Wiese 1996: 210). In German, these two sounds are allophones occurring in complementary distribution. The term ich-Laut refers to the voiceless palatal fricative IPA|, the term ach-Laut to the voiceless velar fricative IPA|. The obstruents IPA|/b d ɡ z ʒ/ are voiceless IPA| in the Southern varieties. The voiceless stops IPA|/p/, IPA|/t/, IPA|/k/ are aspirated except when preceded by a sibilant.
![a with umlaut ipa a with umlaut ipa](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qiar_uluVSo/maxresdefault.jpg)
#*"diphthong" IPA|/dɪftɔnɡ/ : "diphthongieren" IPA|/dɪftɔnɡirən/ The phoneme sequence IPA|/nɡ/ is realized as IPA| when IPA|/ɡ/ can start a valid onset of the next syllable whose nucleus is a vowel other than unstressed IPA|/ə/, IPA|/ɪ/, or IPA|/ʊ/.
![a with umlaut ipa a with umlaut ipa](http://roble.pntic.mec.es/~posc0000/unit1_clip_image002.jpg)
* Some phonologists deny the phoneme IPA|/ŋ/ and use IPA|/nɡ/ instead, and IPA|/nk/ instead of IPA|/ŋk/. In the syllable coda, the allophone IPA| is used in many varieties, except in the South-West. IPA| is used mainly in Southern varieties.
A with umlaut ipa free#
* IPA|, IPA| and IPA| are in free variation with one another. According to some analysis, IPA| is an allophone of IPA| after IPA|/a aː/ and according to some also after IPA|/ʊ ɔ a͡ʊ/. For a more detailed analysis see below at "ich-Laut" and "ach-Laut". * IPA| and IPA| are traditionally regarded as allophones after front vowels and back vowels. * IPA| is occasionally considered to be an allophone of, especially in Southern varieties of German. In certain varieties, they are replaced by IPA| and IPA| altogether. * IPA| and IPA| occur only in words of foreign origin.
![a with umlaut ipa a with umlaut ipa](https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/IPA_hist/images/1888.png)
It is not considered a phoneme, but an optional boundary mark of word stems. * In the northern varieties, IPA| occurs before word stems with initial vowel. Since German is a pluricentric language, there are a number of different pronunciations of standard German which however agree in most respects. German phonology describes the phonology of Standard German.